Tesla Car Fires Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tesla Car Fires - Research Paper Example However, the company’s reputation dwindled in October 2013 when a model S caught fire in Kent, Washington. Investigations into the fire determined that the fire broke out at the car’s battery pack especially after a metal struck the battery pack. The discovery thus portrayed the cars as risky a feature that would later result in a reduction of the company’s market share. Negative reputation hampers the profitability of a business (Burrow & Jim, 2009). As the new marketing consultant, the car manufacturing company requires effective marketing strategy in order to reposition its products strategically in order to rebuild its reputation in order to enjoy its dwindling market share. Key among the marketing activities that the company must undertake is to reconstruct the consumer confidence in the products. Prior to the fires, the American car consumer preferred the company’s products because of its fuel efficiency and low maintenance costs among many other features. Unfortunately, the accidents revealed that the same factors [resented substantial safety concern that resu lted in the dwindling market share. The company carried out an investigation into the fires and made public its findings. Such was a bold undertaking that portrayed the management of the company as integral individuals who care for their consumers. The company must therefore now engage its target market in effective processes meant to rebuild the confidence of the consumers. Key among such is to investigate the cause of fire and address it effectively. This will include recalling all the cars with a similar battery packs. The company must redesign the battery packs and cushion the consumers from similar fires. In fact, the company must reinvent the engine of the car and ensure that the consumers of the products are safe. After redesigning the engine of the car and safeguarding the safety of

Mrs Alving in Ghosts by Ibsen Essay Example for Free

Mrs Alving in Ghosts by Ibsen Essay Through excessive parallelism and constant reference to â€Å"ghosts,† Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen portrays a view on the rewards of duty that clashes sharply with the accepted views of the time. In his native country of Norway, and indeed all around the world in the year 1881, ‘duty’ was seen as a powerful motivator in both religion and society. The abstract concept of duty was what constrained society into ‘acceptable’ boundaries, and people without a sense of duty were often shunned and rejected by their fellow citizens. Henrik Ibsen was well-known for his somewhat controversial plays. Just before writing Ghosts, â€Å"Ghosts† he wrote A Doll’s House about a young woman seeking to escape the bonds of duty. While the classic feminist story in A Doll’s House has a hint of hope for Nora Helmer, who decides to speak up for her own rights as a woman and as a human being, Ghosts seems to me to be the gloomy alternative, as Mrs Alving overcomes years of subordination to her immoral (and now deceased) husband. The woman, Nora, desires to free herself intellectually by breaking out of a marriage. Ghosts, in many ways, is an extension of â€Å"A Doll’s House†, with the main character Mrs. Alving acting as a future Nora. They are similar in some ways, but obviously they are both uniquely diverse. They play many of the same roles in their plays, and are probably the most similar two characters between Ghosts and A Dolls House. As literary critic Edward Boyer puts it, â€Å"In many ways Mrs. Alving is an older and more mature Nora, freer yet at the same time more bound. She too wanted to break out of a marriage once, but was sent back to her ‘duties’ by Pastor Manders, who thereby awakened the first doubts in her mind about transmitted doctrine. Ibsen focused his pieces on commenting on the often hypocritical sense of duty that people of his time supported. In his own words, â€Å"Ghosts had to be written; I could not let â€Å"the doll’s house† be my last word; after Nora, Mrs. Alving had to come. † Duty prompted her to create a life of lies, as she hid her husband’s alcoholism and other immoral acts. Duty prompted her to hide her husband’s pregnant mistress, and again to raise his daughter as her own. Even the names Ibsen gives the two women show the difference of hope in the two plays. In A Doll’s House, Nora is given a first name, and in fact she is listed by her first name in the written script whenever she speaks. In Ghosts, Mrs. Alving is seldom called by her first name (it is Helen), and rather is referred to as Mrs. Alving in the script when she has a line to say. She is regarded only as a wife, even ten years after her husband’s death. Ibsen utilizes many parallels between situations and characters in order to portray the desired results of duty and the actual results. Mrs. Alving can be compared to Mr. Engstrand, a hobbling old carpenter, and supposed father of Regina. Mrs. Alving is, obliged by her sense of duty, trying to gain control of her son Oswald upon his return home, while Engstrand attempts to evoke his daughter’s sense of duty so that she will come to work for him. According to George Meyer, â€Å"This parallel is†¦important because in the one case a father is trying to gain control of his daughter; in the other a mother, of her son. † Both characters also experienced a ‘commercial marriage’ in that Mrs. Alving married Captain Alving â€Å"for the sum of his fortune,† and Engstrand married his wife Johanna for a hefty bribe. Nora is a unique character, a kind not usually seen in most plays. She swings her mood often; she is either very happy or very depressed, comfortable or desperate, wise or naive. At the beginning of the play, Nora still plays a child in many ways, listening at doors and eating forbidden sweets behind her husbands back. She has gone straight from her fathers house to her husbands, bringing along her nursemaid which tells us that she hasnt really grown up. She also doesnt have much of an own opinion. She has always accepted her fathers and her husbands opinions. Shes aware that Torvald would have no use for a wife who was equal to him. But like many children, Nora knows how to manipulate Torvald by pouting or by performing for him. In the end, it is the truth about her marriage that awakens Nora. Although she may suspect that Torvald is a weak, petty man, she believes that he is strong, that hell protect her from the consequences of her actions. Then, at the moment of truth, he abandons her completely. She is shocked into reality and sees how fake their relationship has been. She realizes that her father and her husband have seen her as a doll, a toy to be played with, a figure without opinion or will of her own. She also realizes that she is treating her children the same way. Her whole life has been based on illusion rather than reality. Although she tried to escape from her marriage, the young Mrs. Alving apparently did not have a sudden moment of realization of her duties to herself, her own honor, or her own pride. If she did, we are not told hem; she continued to live as her husband and as society expected her to. By the end of Ghosts, however, when the effects of her husband’s life of duplicity are clear, the older and wiser Mrs. Alving has obviously come to regret her silence. Boyer states, â€Å"She sees now that it was the limiting conditions, the lack of true joy, a goal in life, and meaningful work which destroyed the best in her husband. She sees too that she h erself was the immediate cause of his ruin, because she had made life intolerable for him with her conventional morality of duty. Mrs. Alving can’t be blamed for staying in her marriage though. In A Doll’s House, Nora Helmer had a place to escape to. Her friend Mrs Linde would eagerly provide a place to stay and her best friend Doctor Rank had invited her company, and expressed his love for her. The conclusion drawn up by the end is this: the embracing and enforcing of a corrupt sense of duty and false pride by the collection of characters has led to the successful projects-chaos and dismay. This symbolizes Ibsen’s conception of duty and double standard for men and women in the society. He believes that mankind has ‘taken it too far,’ and duty has degenerated love into a purchasable commodity as illustrated by not only the brothel but by Mrs. Alving’s and Engstrand’s commercial marriages. The free-thinking duty-free artists of Paris live happy lives in wholesome homes, while the duty-supporting end up in broken homes where hypocrisy and immorality run rampant.

Booker T. Washington :: essays research papers

Booker T. Washington was the first African American whose likeness appeared on a United States postage stamp. Washington also was thus honored a quarter century after his death. In 1946 he also became the first black with his image on a coin, a 50-cent piece. The Tuskegee Institute, which Washington started at the age of 25, was the where the 10-cent stamps first were available. The educator's monument on its campus shows him lifting a symbolic veil from the head of a freed slave. Booker Taliaferro Washington was born a slave on April 5, 1856, in Franklin County, Va. His mother, Jane Burroughs, was a plantation cook. His father was an unknown white man. As a child, Booker swept yards and brought water to slaves working in the fields. Freed after the American Civil War, he went with his mother to Malden, W. Va., to join Washington Ferguson, whom she had married during the war. At about age 16 Booker set out for Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, which had been established by the chief of the Freedmen's Bureau to educate former slaves. He walked much of the way, working to earn the fare to complete the long, dusty journey to Virginia. For his admission test he repeatedly swept and dusted a classroom, and he was able to earn his board by working as a janitor. After graduation three years later he taught in Malden and at Hampton. A former slave who had become a successful farmer, and a white politician in search of the Negro vote in Macon County obtained financial support for a training school for blacks in Tuskegee, Ala. When the board of commissioners asked the head of Hampton to send a principal for their new school, they had expected the principal to be white. Instead Washington arrived in June 1881. He began classes in July with 30 students in a shanty donated by a black church. Later he borrowed money to buy an abandoned plantation nearby and moved the school there. By the time of his death in Tuskegee in 1915 the institute had some 1,500 students, more than 100 well-equipped buildings, and a large faculty. Washington believed that blacks could promote their constitutional rights by impressing Southern whites with their economic and moral progress. He wanted them to forget about political power and concentrate on their farming skills and learning industrial trades.

Avons First Female CEO: Ms. Andrea Jung :: Avon Business CEO Management

Each year Fortune magazine publishes its list of the top 500 U.S. companies ranked according to reported gross revenues. In the highly competitive world of business, the CEO's of these companies are responsible for making decisions that allow a company into this elite group and remain on the list year after year. Avon Products Inc. first appeared on the Fortune 500 list in 1955 inaugural year, ranked at number 455. Over the years, Avon has moved up and down the list of 500 managing to remain there since its first appearance as a top grossing corporation. In the mid 1990's the company was on the verge of falling back to its 1955 ranking. Hired as Avon's first female CEO in 1999, Ms. Andrea Jung, one of only 10 female CEO's listed on the 2006 Fortune 500 list; led the overhaul of Avon Products Inc. and brought the company from number 308 in 1999 to number 281 on the recently published 2006 list. Born in Toronto Canada to first generation Chinese immigrants in 1959, Andrea Jung credits part of her success to her family upbringing. Raised with traditional Chinese values and parents who placed an emphasis on education, Ms. Jung excelled in most of her endeavors. Growing up in Wellesley, Massachusetts, Ms. Jung flourished by earning top grades in academics, excelling in piano, and becoming fluent in Mandarin Chinese. Her formal education was completed in 1979 after graduating magna cum laude from Princeton University with a bachelor's in English Literature. Ms. Jung has two children. A nine year old son she adopted with former husband Michael Gould and a seventeen year old daughter from a previous marriage. When her busy schedule allows, Ms. Jung frequently plays the piano as a way to relax. Her favorite piece of jewelry, a white pearl choker, has become one of her fashion trademarks. On a fun note, Ms. Jung was presented with a Barbie custom made by Mattel in recognition for her efforts in a cross promotional project between Avon and the toymaker. The Barbie features Ms. Jung's likeness complete with long black hair, dark pantsuit, and of course, a pearl choker. Upon graduation, Ms. Jung entered the management training program at Bloomingdale's and quickly rose through the ranks to vice president and merchandising manager by the age of 26.

Alibaba Competing in China and Beyond

Case: Alibaba Competing in China and Beyond Electric commerce (e-commerce) is the buying and selling of products or services over an electronic medium like the internet. The advantages of e-commerce are speedy transactions, less travel, low operational costs, ability to reach a large customer base, and round the clock buying and selling. Some of the disadvantages of e-commerce are the minimum amounts of customer to company interactions which leads to trust issues, e-commerce is prone to fraud and theft, and there is no guarantee on product quality.In a market like China, it's important to understand the local culture, values, the political government, and the language. The political government in China has a major impact on the Internet companies in China. It is important for e-commerce companies in China to understand how to successfully launch a Chinese language website or design a search engine that would suit the complex language. In order to gain an edge amongst their competitor s, international companies must seek out local help to understand the local culture and values, the language, the consumers, and how to deal with the politics of the region.Alibaba, founded by Jack Ma, is a website which allows for buyers and sellers all over the globe to engage in electronic business transactions. Alibaba played a major role in bringing the Internet Revolution to China. Ma achieved this by allowing small and medium-size enterprises (SME) in China to benefit from cross border trade through his website. Alibaba made their money from the 21 million users who paid annual subscriptions. Alibaba established itself when the Chinese Internet industry was still in its infancy.This was the perfect opportunity for e-commerce companies because of the lack of competition. However, the competition that they did face were Global Sources and MeetChina, which were also launched in 1999. In order to gain a competitive advantage in the B2B market Alibaba did not charge fees for any t ransaction. That was a strategy that critics were skeptical about. However, Alibaba built a customer base that would end up to be unrivaled. What made Alibaba so successful was its ability to rapidly adapt to current market trends in China.In the dotcom bubble burst Alibaba reformulated their strategy to concentrating on improving its business in China rather than focusing on global markets, they moved the headquarters back from Shanghai to Hangzhou, and they would concentrate on the richest regions in China. Foreign companies saw opportunity in China's expanding e-commerce market. One of those companies was US-based eBay Inc. , who entered China by acquiring stake in Shanghai's EachNet. com for $30 million. Ma then launched Taobao to rival eBay in the Business to Consumer (B2C) and Consumer to Consumer (C2C) market.Again, Taobao employed the free concept strategy to attempt to build a consumer base by offering free listings on their website. Alibaba also developed a promotional str ategy for Taobao in which they advertised through online ads and billboards. Taobao also had a unique feature where users can e-mail and chat with each other onsite unlike their eBay counterparts who concealed sellers identity and only offered communications through offline messaging. Taobao also addressed the trust factor during online transactions between buyers and sellers by developing AliPay, similar to Paypal.The first mistake that eBay Inc. made was that they based their business strategy on the US business model. What works well in one region will not work in others. Ma quoted â€Å"We knew that someday, eBay would come in our direction. † indicating that Alibaba had done their research and they were prepared for the arrival of any potential rivals. After cornering 79% of the market shares in China, eBay soon found itself in fierce competition with Alibaba when Alibaba made quick marketing adjustments. Bay ‘s other mistake was that they entered China assuming th at they have a global product. What they failed to realize is that the Taobao product was designed for the local consumer while eBay's product was more product based, meaning they are more concerned with how to get more consumers to use their product rather than does this product fit the consumers wants and needs. eBay declined to drop their auction fees and failed to improve consumer interaction on their website to compete with Taobao. eBay should have focused more on the local strategies that other local business use.They could have done this if they were more consumer driven and aligned with the local environment. eBay should have went through the process of environmental scanning. They should have conducted an analysis of their current and potential competitors to find out what their goals and strategies are and what are their strengths and weaknesses. eBay's lack of knowledge and ignorance of the local market left them unprepared for rapid change that local businesses employ. F oreign competitors fail to enter the Chinese market because they lack the nderstanding of the language, the culture, and they lack the ability to adapt rapidly to change. Foreign companies can address this issue by preparing a strategy for entry such as organize ways to enable fast communication and processes for quick business decision making. They should hire within the country to adopt the workers who have a understanding of the local culture and values. They should be prepared for change and learn to adapt with the local market trends and prepare a plan of action to react faster.

How to Cut Down on Your Cars Greenhouse Gases

How to Cut Down on Your Cars Greenhouse Gases Greenhouse gases, responsible for global climate change, are emitted in large part from the combustion of fossil fuels like oil, coal, and natural gas. Most of the emissions from fossil fuels come from power plants, but second ranked is transportation. In addition to carbon dioxide, motor vehicles release particulate pollution, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and volatile organic compounds. Maybe you have already adjusted many aspects of your lifestyle to reduce your carbon footprint, including installing LED lights, turning down the thermostat, and eating less meat. However, in your driveway sits glaring evidence of one source of greenhouse gas that you could not get rid of: your car. For many of us, especially in rural areas, bicycling or walking to school and to work may not be an option, and public transportation may simply not be available. Do not fret; there are still actions you can take to lower the pollution and greenhouse gas emissions you produce when driving. Fuel Economy vs. Emissions We generally assume a vehicle with better fuel economy will also release fewer harmful emissions, including greenhouse gases. The correlation generally holds true, with a few caveats. Decades-old vehicles were built under much more relaxed emissions regulations and can be prodigious pollution producers despite a relatively modest thirst for fuel. Similarly, you may be getting 80 miles per gallon on that old two-stroke scooter, but that smoke will contain much more harmful pollutants, much of it from partially burned gasoline. And then there are the cars with emission control systems releasing illegal amounts of pollution, like those finger-pointed during the infamous Volkswagen small diesel engine scandal. The obvious place to start to reduce emissions, of course, is by choosing a modern vehicle with the best possible fuel economy. Models can be compared using a handy web tool put together by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Be realistic about your needs: how many times a year will you really need a pick-up truck, sport-utility vehicle, or minivan? Performance is another fuel economy killer, but if you really want a sportier car, favor a four-cylinder model with a turbocharger instead of a larger six or eight (or twelve!) cylinder car. The turbo kicks in on demand, with the more frugal four cylinders doing the work the rest of the time. Manual vs. Automatic Not so long ago manual transmissions provided better fuel economy than automatic transmissions. It was a good excuse for those who love to row their own gears but modern automatic transmissions, which now have 5, 6, and even more gears, provide better mileage. Continuous Variable Transmissions (CVT) are even better at maintaining the engine’s revolutions at the right speed, beating even the most skilled stick-shift enthusiasts. Older Car, Newer Car Older cars were designed and constructed in the context of emission regulations that were much less restrictive than they are today. Much improvement has been made in the 1960s, with the development of the catalytic converter and fuel injection, but it wasn’t until the soaring gas prices in the 1970s that real fuel efficiency gains were made. Amendments to the Clean Air Act gradually improved car emissions starting in 1990, with important gains made in 2004 and 2010. Generally, a more recent car will have better technology to reduce emissions including electronic direct fuel injection, smarter electronic control units, lower drag coefficient, and improved transmissions. Maintenance You probably heard this one before: simply keeping your tires inflated to the proper level will save you in fuel costs. Under-inflated tires will cost you as much as 3% in fuel costs, according to the DOE. Maintaining proper pressure will also improve your stopping distance, reduce risks of skidding, rollovers, and blowouts. Check for the appropriate pressure on a sticker located in the jam of the driver-side door; do not refer to the pressure value printed on the tire sidewall. Replace your engine air filter at the interval specified in your owner’s manual, or more frequently if you drive in especially dusty conditions. The dirtier your air filter is, the more fuel you will use. Do not ignore lit check engine lights, even when you feel like the car is operating normally. Often the emissions control system is a fault, which means you are polluting more than usual. Bring the car to your mechanic for a proper diagnostic, it may save you from more expensive damage later on. Car Modifications After-market performance modifications abound in some types of cars – louder exhaust pipes, modified air intakes, reprogrammed fuel injection. All those features increase your engine’s fuel needs, so get rid of them or better yet don’t install them in the first place. Larger tires and suspension lifts need to go too. Roof racks and cargo boxes should be put away when not in use, as they severely affect fuel economy, especially on smaller cars. Empty your car trunk too, as it takes extra fuel to carry around that golf bag you never have time to get out, or those crates of books you’ve been meaning to drop off at the thrift store. What’s Your Driving Style? Driving behavior is another place where you can make a big difference in your emissions and fuel use without spending any money. Slow down: according to AAA, going 60 mph instead of 70 mph on a 20-mile commute will save you 1.3 gallons on average over the work week. Accelerate and stop gently, and coast while you can. Keep your windows up to reduce drag; even running the air conditioning requires less energy. Letting your car idle in the morning is unnecessary, uses fuel, and produces useless emissions. Instead, gently warm up your engine by accelerating smoothly and keeping a lower speed until your car reaches its operating temperature.

Tam Narrative Essay Essays

Tam Narrative Essay Essays Tam Narrative Essay Essay Tam Narrative Essay Essay There are a few of those special days which remain evergreen in my heart and that I can remember of. Some events have changed me for better and made me stronger, while others are just there to remember and smile because they have happened at one point in my life. The fact of me coming to America for the first time is such an event. It was the month of April, 2009. Was only twelve years old and didnt really want to come to America, yet had to because my dad was already here. I felt very sad but happy at the same time. I could already imagine how hard things were going to be for me until would finally adapt to the new environment. I was happy because I hadnt seen my dad for a long time and I had missed him a lot. My first year of school in America was the hardest time of my life. Din it know very well English and couldnt express myself by communicating tit others. There were only a few students that were the same nationality as me, yet I wasnt very talkative therefore couldnt make any new friends. Many things and the diversity of the people in America were very interesting yet very strange for me, therefore looked at people and to the things around me in a way that they thought was weird or had staring problems. One time one of my classmates came up to me and asked me in a mean way about why I kept on staring at the students that were in my class including herself. I couldnt really understand what she was saying, but someone else translated it for me. They all thought was racist and had something against other races. After that day, they all started staring at me and making fun of me because I would t talk much and was by myself for most of the time. Finally, time passed and things started to become better for me. Started to speak and understand English better and already had made a few friends. By the time overcame the obstacles that were given to me it was already the mime to graduate my middle school and move on to high school. All these hard times have changed me and made me stronger as a person. As of today, many years have passed and Im already a college student. Thank my parents for always supporting me through everything.

Free Essays on From Adolescence to Adulthood

From Adolescence to Adulthood The excerpt â€Å"Handed My Own Life† depicts a child learning the art of perception and how it applies to their adult life. At first, the child can only see what is placed right in front of him. For Christmas he wanted a microscope and thought that upon receiving the microscope complete with test tubes he would be able to recognize such things as â€Å"hay infusion† and â€Å"diatomaceous earth.† When he tried to see them and encounters difficulty, he learns that you must look past the obvious. It took him years to fully understand what that meant. In the spring when he finally finds an amoeba that he has been looking for since fall, he runs upstairs to share the exciting news with his family. His parents were in the living room relaxing and let him know that they were happy he had found what he was looking for but were going to remain upstairs. Although nothing was said directly, the boy understood that he was now an individual, no longer a dependant of his parents for moral support. He had essentially been, â€Å"Handed [his] own life† (Dillard 149). He understood that having his own life did not mean that his parents had abandoned him, rather that â€Å"[his] days and nights were [his] own to fill† (Dillard 149). His parents were done setting rules and making decisions for him. â€Å"Anything was possible. The sky was the limit† (Dillard 149). In many ways this story is reminiscent of the journey from adolescence to adulthood. The child in this story is learning that eventually decision making becomes a part of life and that the choices to be made are based on individual judgment. The author’s purpose in writing the story was an internal need to express feelings that may have been repressed. The approach was self expressive with a creative approach. The story does not come out and talk bluntly about growing up but does it through a young child’s tale of receiving a microscope and ... Free Essays on From Adolescence to Adulthood Free Essays on From Adolescence to Adulthood From Adolescence to Adulthood The excerpt â€Å"Handed My Own Life† depicts a child learning the art of perception and how it applies to their adult life. At first, the child can only see what is placed right in front of him. For Christmas he wanted a microscope and thought that upon receiving the microscope complete with test tubes he would be able to recognize such things as â€Å"hay infusion† and â€Å"diatomaceous earth.† When he tried to see them and encounters difficulty, he learns that you must look past the obvious. It took him years to fully understand what that meant. In the spring when he finally finds an amoeba that he has been looking for since fall, he runs upstairs to share the exciting news with his family. His parents were in the living room relaxing and let him know that they were happy he had found what he was looking for but were going to remain upstairs. Although nothing was said directly, the boy understood that he was now an individual, no longer a dependant of his parents for moral support. He had essentially been, â€Å"Handed [his] own life† (Dillard 149). He understood that having his own life did not mean that his parents had abandoned him, rather that â€Å"[his] days and nights were [his] own to fill† (Dillard 149). His parents were done setting rules and making decisions for him. â€Å"Anything was possible. The sky was the limit† (Dillard 149). In many ways this story is reminiscent of the journey from adolescence to adulthood. The child in this story is learning that eventually decision making becomes a part of life and that the choices to be made are based on individual judgment. The author’s purpose in writing the story was an internal need to express feelings that may have been repressed. The approach was self expressive with a creative approach. The story does not come out and talk bluntly about growing up but does it through a young child’s tale of receiving a microscope and ...

Marketing Creativity - Idea Trends Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Marketing Creativity - Idea Trends - Essay Example Idea trends are critical in the business world because they form the heart of any business. This is usually regardless of what stage of development the business has reached. New businesses need idea trends in order to help the entrepreneur become enthusiastic about his business venture. Idea trends have the ability to change into business ideas if they are channeled in the right direction. It is also important for the already established business owner poor marketer because it adds some spice into the running parts of the business. After identifying an idea trend, business owners need to come up with a name for the idea trend. This is because it will allow the future business owner to describe his views using this name. It ill also be instrumental in trying to access some sort of financing for the project or business. Before one can convince another individual about their idea, they need to first give it a form of identification first. Thereafter, there is a need to put all these creative ideas into writing. Business owners need to organize their idea trends in the form of a business plan. If one expects to catch the attention of any investor, they need to place their idea trends in this format. Thereafter, an entrepreneur needs to ask themselves how they can start up a business on the basis of that idea trend. Some of the issues that need to be addressed include finance. It may take a while before a new business starts picking up or returning some sort of payback to the investor. It is therefore important for such a person to ensure that they stay ahead by getting the necessary finances before starting the business. Furthermore, some countries may have some regulations about how they conduct business. These legal formalities must be checked and implemented before an idea trend can be generated into a thriving business. 2 Once the business is up and running, it id wise for the entrepreneur to ensure that he shares his passion and vision about his idea trend to his business partners and employees. Additionally, he should also ensure that the product or service he makes out of the idea trend is something that the market can be interested in. Besides these, entrepreneurs should also manage their finances wisely. If the idea trend will require too much capital input beyond his or her capability, then there is no use implementing it in the first place. More and more people fail to transform idea trends into thriving businesses because they fail to address one or all of the following requirements. Identification of a specific idea trend The idea trend that will be studied in the essay below is the issue of renewable energy especially in relation to homes. There are many countries throughout the world that have expressed their interest in the issue of renewable energy. The world has become increasingly careful about their energy expenditures. Governments have realized that thy need to employ energy sustainability if there is any hope of managing their finances or maintaining resources for the future generation. Statistics show that The United States is the highest oil consumer in the world. This means that the State is spending much more than it should. Some of the major reasons why renewable energy has become a worrying issue and hence the potential to become an idea trend can be seen below 1) Using non-renewable energy is a burden to the local oil consumer 2) Using non-renewa

The Importance of Ethical Conduct and Professional Responsibility Essay

The Importance of Ethical Conduct and Professional Responsibility (criminal justice system) - Essay Example To understand the importance of ethical conduct and professional responsibility, the staff of the criminal justice system must first acquaint themselves with the relevant Codes of Ethics and Professional Responsibility. These codes are useful in enabling employees to aspire to the required level of ethical and professional conduct. Second, being ethically and professionally responsible helps criminal justice personnel to strive for excellence both at the personal and professional levels. To achieve high ethical and professional levels of performance, it is imperative that the criminal justice system’s personnel identify all the causes of professional and ethical misconducts, which are rather numerous considering the apparent diversity in the system’s clientele and tasks (Pollock, 2011). The main reason criminal justice personnel have lagged behind in achieving and maintaining high ethical and professional levels include failure to achieve high levels of competency through further education, work experience, and training. Since some employees do not seek continued education and training implies they are not abreast with the latest ethical and professional developments in the system. This lack of improved competency translates into reduced prompt, less efficient, unethical, and unprofessional performance by criminal justice personnel. Low levels of personal and professional integrity have also been cited as causes of professional and ethical misconducts in the criminal justice system (Pollock, 2011). ... criminal justice system’s personnel identify all the causes of professional and ethical misconducts, which are rather numerous considering the apparent diversity in the system’s clientele and tasks (Pollock, 2011). The main reason criminal justice personnel have lagged behind in achieving and maintaining high ethical and professional levels include failure to achieve high levels of competency through further education, work experience, and training. Since some employees do not seek continued education and training implies they are not abreast with the latest ethical and professional developments in the system. This lack of improved competency translates into reduced prompt, less efficient, unethical, and unprofessional performance by criminal justice personnel. Low levels of personal and professional integrity have also been cited as causes of professional and ethical misconducts in the criminal justice system (Pollock, 2011). What is more, failure to observe and mainta in the legality of professional competence and knowledge and ignorance of the available advice or assistance are the other common causes of professional and ethical misconduct in the criminal justice system. Similarly, some professionals’ personal life failures have impinged on their professional abilities and jeopardized their professionalism. The other causes of unprofessionalism, though to a slight extent, are poor communication, addiction to substance such as alcohol, failure to address client concerns, and excessive demands at work such as inappropriate work practices, poor mentoring and supervision (Pollock, 2011). Finally, personality conflicts and complacency towards professional standards have also had negative effects on professionalism since they escalate unethical behaviors. Addressing

Osteogenesis Imperfecta Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Osteogenesis Imperfecta - Research Paper Example The bigger amino acid network leads to the formation of steric obstruction that creates a swelling in the collagen structure which consequently affects the contact of molecules with one another as well as the nanomechanics of molecules. As a result of this reaction the body responds by dissolving the deformed structure of collagen because if the body does not do so, the interaction existing between the collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite particles that form the bone is changed making them weak and brittle. Another reason that is suggested for the occurrence of this disease is the state of stress at the collagen fibers; when the stress level changes at the points of mutation, where the bigger cut off pressures lead to rapid failing of fibrils even at medium level. There are a lot of reasons all related to the genes that lead to osteogenesis imperfecta. This disease is generally perceived as hereditary however this is not the case. There are eight different types of osteogenesis imperfe cta, most common being Type 1. ... Hearing impairment in infants Slight protuberance of the eyes Type II The quality as well as the quantity of collagen in this type is poor. Most patients suffering from this type of osteogenesis imperfecta die in the initial years of life due to respiratory breakdown or cerebral hemorrhage. The lungs are underdeveloped due to which the patients face respiratory problems. Deformation of bones and small physique Type II is further classified into type IIA, type IIB and type IIC. Type III The quantity if collagen is sufficient but it is not of the required quality. The deformity of bones is such that sometimes they break eve before birth. Possibility of respiratory problems Short physique, bending of the spinal cord and in some cases the shape of rib cage is spiral Joints are loosened The tone of muscles in the arms and legs is of poor quality Discoloration of sclera which turns it form normal white to blue Hearing problems in early ages of infancy Type IV The quantity of collagen is su fficient but quality is not up to the mark. This type is very much similar to Type I as far as the classification is concerned. The fracture of bones starts in the teenage years Rib cage is barrel shaped which leads to deformation of lungs consequently resulting in respiratory problems. The deformity of bone is mild to medium level. Hearing loss starts from a very early age. Type V This has the same clinical characteristics as that of type IV with interconnected appearance of bones being the basic distinguishing factor. Type VI It has the same clinical characteristics as that of type IV. This stage is distinguished by the fish like appearance of the bones. Type VII This type was discovered in the year 2005

Pause for thought............. How does Pinter's use of language and Essay

Pause for thought............. How does Pinter's use of language and rhythm influence his subtext - Essay Example ally gives meaning to the plays, enhance tonalities, brings out the element of characterization, and helps in developing and strengthening of the major themes in the subtexts. The language Pinter uses is highly performative, and this serves as a reinvention to subtext. The Birthday Party is Pinter’s play that mainly explores the absurd, mysterious, secretive, and insidious forces that underlie the lives of the main characters and their relentless efforts to find peace, normalcy, and acceptance in the natural order (Raby 41; Pinter 752). Therefore, Pinter makes sure to use a language form that will bring out the state of the characters as they are. To achieve this, Pinter uses language aspects such as description, repetition, and syntax. All these in the subtext serve the purpose of bringing out the absurd and confusing elements of the main characters in the play (Pinter 750). By basing on syntax, as an element of language, the play achieves good description of the relevant scenes. For instance, the playwright uses a combination of both short and long sentences in different scenes of the play. The conversation between Petey and Meg is primarily composed of short sentence: â€Å"What?, Is that you?, Yes, its me., What? Yes,† (Pinter 751). This aspect of language use impacts on the subtext in different ways. First, it helps establish the atmosphere in the couple’s house. To an extent, one might read tension in this kind of conversation. Secondly, this aspect of language depicts the nature of relationship between Petey and Meg, in addition to the calm or mundane nature of their existence. The deceptive calm and tranquility is effectively brought out through language in order to be contrasted by the disruption and chaos that is to follow (Pinter 750). Moreover, the short sentences enhance the steady and relaxed rhythm of language, which enhances the description of the characters and the uninterrupted nature of their setting as the play unfolds. Today, most

Module 1 Case NRF and NIMS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Module 1 Case NRF and NIMS - Essay Example Therefore, the public information and warning and planning has been given priority since they facilitate protection of life before the initiation the actual incident. The other capabilities meant to save life follow. Critical transportation is prioritized since it facilitates the access of the affected area. A situational analysis is done while the activities meant to save life follow consequently. The tenth core capability indicates that all the activities to save life must be coordinated accordingly. Other capabilities that follow environment protection relate to society restoration and rank last in terms of priority. First, government conducts activities meant to stop potential disasters. The government assesses potential risk, prioritize and take stern measures to prevent the occurrence of the event. Second, the government makes the people aware of the risk identified. The government informs the public on measures they should take to prevent the occurrence of the event. The government carries out activities to make the country secure against threats and natural disasters (Spicer, 2014). First, the government shares any protective information with the public and relays warning messages whenever necessary. Second, it carries out forensic investigations and interdict against any planned security threats. Third, the government conducts search to the suspects of the crime. Any activity carried out by the government meant to reduce the probability of loss. The universal core capabilities include planning, sharing information and coordinating activities. In addition, the government promotes community resilience (FEMA, 2015). It is the capacity of a community to identify risks and respond to it by reducing the impact. Moreover, the government identifies hazards and threats and later carries out a resilience activities. The government carries out the universal capabilities in the responses. Other ways that

Pause for thought............. How does Pinter's use of language and Essay

Pause for thought............. How does Pinter's use of language and rhythm influence his subtext - Essay Example ally gives meaning to the plays, enhance tonalities, brings out the element of characterization, and helps in developing and strengthening of the major themes in the subtexts. The language Pinter uses is highly performative, and this serves as a reinvention to subtext. The Birthday Party is Pinter’s play that mainly explores the absurd, mysterious, secretive, and insidious forces that underlie the lives of the main characters and their relentless efforts to find peace, normalcy, and acceptance in the natural order (Raby 41; Pinter 752). Therefore, Pinter makes sure to use a language form that will bring out the state of the characters as they are. To achieve this, Pinter uses language aspects such as description, repetition, and syntax. All these in the subtext serve the purpose of bringing out the absurd and confusing elements of the main characters in the play (Pinter 750). By basing on syntax, as an element of language, the play achieves good description of the relevant scenes. For instance, the playwright uses a combination of both short and long sentences in different scenes of the play. The conversation between Petey and Meg is primarily composed of short sentence: â€Å"What?, Is that you?, Yes, its me., What? Yes,† (Pinter 751). This aspect of language use impacts on the subtext in different ways. First, it helps establish the atmosphere in the couple’s house. To an extent, one might read tension in this kind of conversation. Secondly, this aspect of language depicts the nature of relationship between Petey and Meg, in addition to the calm or mundane nature of their existence. The deceptive calm and tranquility is effectively brought out through language in order to be contrasted by the disruption and chaos that is to follow (Pinter 750). Moreover, the short sentences enhance the steady and relaxed rhythm of language, which enhances the description of the characters and the uninterrupted nature of their setting as the play unfolds. Today, most

The Glass Menagerie' by Tennessee Williams Essay

The Glass Menagerie' by Tennessee Williams - Essay Example Jim O'Connor, the gentleman caller, bears the same name as the young man who called on Rose Williams, before her descent into insanity. The action takes place in a small apartment in a poor district of the city, crowded outside and in, surrounded by many dark alleys and fire escapes, exploring the illusory lives of the three main characters as they attempt to achieve their dreams, only for it all to end in failure and disappointment. It has been interpreted variously as a psychological drama portraying a dysfunctional family, the tragedy of a fragile psyche (Laura) edging into madness, and a socio-political statement, "his personal testament to the Great Depression" (p.20, Hale, 1998). It is all of these as becomes apparent as the action moves from the past to the present as Tom's recollection are recalled and Character Analysis - Tom Wingfield: Tom is a poet, working in a boring low paid job in a shoe factory, the main economic support for his mother and sister. Despite his position as the main provider, an adult male, he is denied that status, simply by how his mother perceives things should be, rather than what they are, and by her demands on him to be that provider until another appears (a husband for Laura). He is complex, shy and intelligent, his creativity dismissed and ridiculed by his mother. He seeks escape through the illusions of the movies, but recognizes the reality of the times in which he seeks his dreams: Tom: "Hollywood characters are supposed to have all the adventures for everybody in America, while everybody in America sits in a darkened room and watches them have them! Yes, until there's a war. That's when adventure becomes available to the masses!....Then the people in the dark room come out of the dark room to have some adventure themselves-...." (Williams, 1936, Scene Six, p. 282) Some connection to socialist values appear when Tom paid his dues to the Union of Merchant Seamen, rather than the electric bill - thus highlighting a belief in the unions and socialism, as opposed to capitalism. His relationship with his mother is volatile, as she is the nagging presence preventing his escape and fulfillment. He loves his shy, fragile sister and the most telling example Williams's lyrical language and symbolism which elicit poignant imagery and the emotion of guilt can be found as he reflects on his escape. Tom: " I didn't go to the moon, I went much further - for time is the longest distance between two places...Perhaps I am walking along a street at night, in some strange

Hickory Dickory Dock by Agatha Christie Essay Example for Free

Hickory Dickory Dock by Agatha Christie Essay Hickory Dickory Dock is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie and first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club on October 31, 1955[1] and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company in November of the same year under the title of Hickory Dickory Death[2][3]. The UK edition retailed at ten shillings and sixpence (10/6)[1] and the US edition at $3.00[3]. It features her Belgian detective Hercule Poirot. The novel is notable for featuring Poirot’s efficient secretary, Miss Felicity Lemon, who had previously only appeared in the Poirot short stories. Plot introduction An outbreak of apparent kleptomania at a student hostel is not normally the sort of crime that arouses Hercule Poirots interest. But when he sees the bizarre list of stolen and vandalized items including a stethoscope, some lightbulbs, some old flannel trousers, a box of chocolates, a slashed rucksack, some boracic powder and a diamond ring later found in a bowl of a soup he congratulates the warden, Mrs Hubbard, on a unique and beautiful problem. It is nevertheless not long before the crime of theft is the least of Poirot’s concerns. Explanation of the novels title The title is taken, as are other of Christie’s titles, from a nursery rhyme: Hickory Dickory Dock. This is nevertheless one of her most tenuous links to the original nursery rhyme, consisting of little more than the name of a road. Plot summary Poirot’s solution of the petty thefts is unsubtle but effective: once he has threatened to call in the police, Celia Austin quickly confesses to the pettier amongst the incidents. She denies specifically: stealing Nigel Chapman’s green ink and using it to deface Elizabeth Johnston’s work; taking the stethoscope, the light bulbs and boracic powder; and cutting up and concealing a rucksack. Celia appears to have committed the lesser thefts in order to attract the attention of Colin McNabb, a psychology student who at first regards her as an interesting case study, and then – almost immediately – becomes engaged to her. Celia makes restitution for the crimes and is seemingly reconciled with her victims, but when she is discovered the following morning dead from an overdose of morphine it does not take the investigators long to see through attempts to make her death seem like suicide. Several of the original incidents have not been solved by Celiaâ€⠄¢s confession. Inspector Sharpe quickly solves the mystery of the stolen stethoscope during his interviews with the inhabitants of the hostel. Nigel Chapman admits to having stolen the stethoscope in order to pose as a doctor and steal the morphine tartrate from the hospital dispensary as part of a bet to acquire three deadly poisons. He claims that these poisons were then carefully disposed of, but cannot be sure that the morphine was not stolen from him while it was in his possession. Poirot turns his attention to the reappearance of the diamond ring, and confronts Valerie Hobhouse, in whose soup the ring was found. It seems that the diamond had been replaced with a zircon and, given the fact that it was difficult for anyone but Valerie to have put the ring into the soup, Poirot accuses her of having stolen the diamond. She admits to having done so, saying that she needed the money to pay off gambling debts. She also admits to having planted in Celia’s mind the entire idea of the thefts. Mrs. Nicoletis has been behaving very nervously, as if she were losing her nerve. One night someone gets her drunk and kills her. Poirot focuses his attention now on the cutting up of the rucksack. By comparing an example of the rucksack type destroyed with others, he identifies an unusual corrugated base, and suggests to the police that the rucksack may have been part of a clever international smuggling operation. The rucksacks were sold to innocent students, and then exchanged as a means of transporting drugs and gems. Mrs. Nicoletis had been bankrolling the organisation, but was not the brain behind it. When the police visited Hickory Road on an unconnected issue, the murderer had cut up the rucksack to avoid its being found and removed light bulbs to avoid being recognised. Patricia Lane comes to Nigel an d admits that, in an effort to keep a dangerous poison safe, she has taken the morphine from the bottle in his drawer and substituted for it bicarbonate of soda. Now, however, the bottle of bicarbonate of soda has been taken from her own drawer. While they are searching for this bottle Patricia mentions that she is intending to write to his father in order to reconcile the two. Nigel tells her that the reason for his estrangement from his father is that he discovered that his father had poisoned his mother. This is why he changed his name and carries two passports. Nigel comes to Inspector Sharpe and tells him about the missing morphine, but while he is there, Patricia telephones to say that she has discovered something further. By the time that Nigel and Sharpe get to the house, Patricia has been killed by a blow to the head. Mr. Akibombo comes to Sharpe and says that he had taken Patricia’s bicarbonate to ease a stomach complaint; when he took a teaspoonful of the bicarbonate, however, he had stomach pains and later discovered that the white powder was in fact the boracic powder. By the time Patricia had substituted the bicarbonate, the morphine had already been substituted by the stolen boracic powder. Poirot, whose suspicions about Valerie Hobhouse’s role in the smuggling operation have been proved correct by a police raid on her beauty shop, now closes the case. The murderer has been the most obvious person, Nigel Chapman, who was known to have the morphine in his possession. He killed Celia because she knew about his dual identity and also knew that Valerie travelled abroad on a false passport. He killed Mrs. Nicoletis because she was sure to give the smuggling operation away under pressure, and killed Patricia because she was likely to draw to his father’s attention the recent events. When Poirot outlines to Nigel’s father’s solicitor the case against Nigel, the solicitor is able to provide final proof. Nigel’s mother had been poisoned, not by his father, but by Nigel himself. When the father discovered this he forced him to write a confession and left it with his solicitor together with a letter explaining that it should be produced were there any evidence of further wrongdoing by his son. Valerie confirms Poirot’s solution further. She has placed the call to the police station, apparently from Patricia, after Nigel had already killed her. The green ink was a double-bluff intended to divert suspicion away from him. Valerie is willing to incriminate Nigel fully because Mrs. Nicoletis was actually her mother. Characters in Hickory Dickory Dock †¢ Hercule Poirot, the Belgian detective †¢ Inspector Sharpe, the investigating officer †¢ Miss Felicity Lemon, Poirot’s secretary †¢ Mrs. Christina Nicoletis, the owner of the student hostel at Hickory Road †¢ Mrs Hubbard, Miss Lemon’s sister and the warden of Hickory Road †¢ George, Poirot’s valet †¢ Celia Austin, chemist in the dispensary at St. Catherine’s Hospital †¢ Colin McNabb, a psychology student †¢ Nigel Chapman, a History student, a resident at Hickory Road †¢ Valerie Hobhouse, a resident at Hickory Road and partner in a beauty shop †¢ Sally Finch, a student resident at Hickory Road †¢ Elizabeth Johnston, a student resident at Hickory Road †¢ Patricia Lane, a student resident at Hickory Road †¢ Genevieve, a student resident at Hickory Road †¢ Leonard Bateson, a student resident at Hickory Road †¢ Mr. Chandra Lal, a student resident at Hickory Road †¢ Mr. Akibombo, a student resident at Hickory Road †¢ Maria, the cook at Hickory Road †¢ Geronimo, Maria’s husband

Reflection Paper on Criminology Group Presentation

Reflection Paper on Criminology Group Presentation I found that making this academic presentation to be a very challenging experience. This was mainly down to working with a group of people that I dont know, another factor that may have contributed is that I had to study an area of London that Im not familiar with. Despite how challenging I thought the experience was I also found that working on, and presenting the presentation to be a rewarding experience, this was because I was able use theories I had learned and apply them to a specific area. The groups we were in were allocated at random, this was done by giving each person a number between one and four, the number you were given is the group that you are in, this led there to mixed groups with mixed levels of ability. I found the process to be quite bothersome as I was split from the friends I had formed in the seminar group, the group I was put into consisted of four people. After being allocated into are groups were told that for the presentation we could choose any post code to research as long as it was in London. After this we were then told that we had to gather information about that specific area and that we had to use different theorys to explain the information we had gathered. At the end of the seminar the group I was in all exchanged contact details so we could talk over the up coming independent learn week. Over the independent study week we decided as a group which area we want to study which was Harlesden. The task I was given was to pick a crime of my choice and gather statistics on the crime using the Metropolitan Police statistics website, later on I would use the theories that we had been taught in our lectures and seminars to explain the crime I had picked. Another part of my task was to find statistics and information about the housing in Harlesden and try and compare them with the crime statistics I had gathered. It took a bit of time but I did finally decided on the crime I was going to pick and the crime was robbery. After I decided I then looked on the internet for information and statistics for robbery, the main website I used was the Metropolitan Police statistics website as it was reliable and we were shown how to navigate the website in the seminar. Finding reliable robbery statistics was quite straight forward to do as the statistics on the website were up to date and were fairly easy to understand. This was quite the opposite to the information on housing on the MET Police statistics website, the most difficult part, for me at least, was trying to decide what information was relevant and useful and separating it from the useless irrelevant information. Another factor that hindered me was that the majority of the information was outdated which made it unreliable. This problem was not just isolated to me as other members of my group also faced being confronted with too much information and having to deal with outdated statistics. It was useful that the group I was in would meet up twice every week outside of the seminars to discuss the progress that we had each made, it also meant that we could discuss any issues that we were having and voice any concerns that we had about the presentations. One problem with this was that one member of the group almost always never showed up to the meetings which isnt useful for the group or the individual. During one of the first meetings we had I told my group about the problems I was facing trying to find reliable information on housing, the group helped me decided that I should just gather the statistics for robbery in Harlesden. After I have done this they told me I can then use these statistics and compare it with the previous year, the thinking behind this was that by comparing the robbery rates of this years and the previous year we can show whether or not the actions being taken by the police or preventions the police ha ve put in place to decrease robbery in Harlesden are truly working, they also suggested that I should compare Harlesdens robbery rate against the MET total as this would show how Harlesden compares with robbery rates in terms of the whole of London. In my presentation I used three theories to explain robbery, the three I chose to use were the classicist approach of rational decision, zones of transition theory and also the relative deprivation theory. All three of these theories had been taught in the lecture, nevertheless I found that by doing my own personal reading and internet research it helped me fully understand these theories and then be able to apply them to the statistical data and explain robbery. The readings and internet research that I did meant that I was able to write a great statement on why robbery in Harlesden is committed, whilst also knowing the theories to a degree that I would be able to explain them during my presentation. As a group before the deadline we decided that it would be easier and more useful to do four individual presentations instead of one big presentation. During my presentation I felt that my presentation skills could have been better, this was maybe because it was the first presentation I had to do at university and nerves may have played a part. The fact that we decided to do individual presentations may also have been a factor because when your in a group others could bring up points that maybe you might have forgotten in the moment and help you through moments when you need it. All but one of my groups individual presentations seem to go alright, the one that went quite wrong was the person that never showed up to any of the group meetings, there presentation was one slide long with not much information on it and they didnt seem to have tried to complete any of the tasks we set them to do. It was quite frustrating to see because if they had turned up to group meetings they would hav e found that completing the presentation to be quite easy. If I was to change anything it would most likely be to practice my presentation skills, as I felt that this was the part that let my presentation down, this would have made presenting the presentation easier and may have even improved the grade that I received. Before I began to look at Harlesden I little idea where it was, and had almost no information about the area. This meant that I got my first impression of Harlesden from the MET police crime statistics, this in turn gave me the feeling that maybe Harlesden was a area that was maybe rife with crime. This changed however after having done more investigating in to area and having spoken to the two people in my group that live there, my impressions have now changed and I now view Harlesden like most other place, there are some better areas and there are some worse areas. This shows how working in a group can be beneficial as they helped me see that I shouldnt judge a place on just statistics and that you need to speak to people that live in the area to fully understand the area. If I had been in a group with people that didnt live in Harlesden I believe that my first impression of the area would still be the impression that would have today, yet having people in my group who had experien ced Harlesden first hand and could talk about the experiences they have had helped assist in changing my first impression. I felt this presentation helped me because I was able to improve on my weakness which I had which was my presentation skills and this allowed me to improve this in a later presentation I did for another module. So reflecting on my experience of this presentation allowed me to improve the capacity to reflect on action so as to engage in a process of continuous learning (Schà ¶n, 1983:173). This experience also showed that I was able to complete my research and gather information and deliver it in a presentation which was a new thing for me. At first I didnt feel confidence that I would be able to deliver a good piece of work, but by working with others it has shown me that if you all work together on a piece of work it doesnt seem as daunting and it will make the experience more rewarding. Bibliography Schà ¶n, D (1983) The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think In Action. New York: Basic Books

A Government Conspiracy Essay -- Masonic Brotherhood Conspiracy

A Government Conspiracy To most a fairy tale, to some an interesting topic of discussion, however, to a small population, 5 % to be exact, Government conspiracy does exist. How, you might ask, do I intend to prove that indeed government conspiracy is real? I do not intend to prove it. In fact I only intend to inform you of its ever growing ploy of world domination, capitalism and control and open your mind to the idea that government conspiracy is out there. Throughout history as it is known to repeat itself, I will show facts that support this â€Å"theory† and dismiss the legendary lies we have been taught to believe through a system known as memetics. Looking back into the past, our four fathers first started the conspiracy of a new one world order through a secret society known as the Masonic Brotherhood. Before the Masons there was the Illuminati who introduced their ideas into the Masonic brotherhood before being disbanded in the 1780’s. However, the illuminati did not disband but simply went underground. There are several important members of the government involved in the New World Order according to Masonic records. Not only are government personnel involved but important figures in the media with high influence as well. From George Washington, Rockefeller Industries, and even the Federal Reserve. In American History, the story is written of a German U-boat sinking an American passenger ship named The Lusitania. The story tells of a warning issued and published in American papers on May 1, 1915 stating, "Travelers intending to embark on the Atlantic voyage are reminded that a state of war exists between Germany and her allies and Great Britain and her allies; that the zone of war includes the waters adjacent to th... ...reat publications whose directors have attended our meetings and respected their promises of discretion for almost forty years." "It would have been impossible for us to develop our plan for the world if we had been subjected to the lights of publicity during those years. But, the world is now more sophisticated and prepared to march towards a world government. The supranational sovereignty of an intellectual elite and world bankers is surely preferable to the national auto-determination practiced in past centuries." ( David Rockefeller Bilderbrger Meeting, Baden, Germany 1991) Works Cited ( David Rockefeller Bilderbrger Meeting, Baden, Germany 1991) (Dr Matthew Robinson 9/11: THREATS ABOUT AIRPLANES AS WEAPONS PRIOR TO 9/11 p1 WEB) ( Bailey and Ryan, pp. 50-51. WEB) ( T. Stokes â€Å"Who Really Sunk The Lusitania† Scribd.com pg1 WEB)

What to the Slave Is The Fourth Of July? Essay -- Fredereick Douglasss

Frederick Douglass's "Fourth of July" Speech is the most famous speech delivered by the abolitionist and civil rights advocate Frederick Douglass. It attracted a crowd of between five hundred and six hundred. Douglass’s speech to the slaves on the Fourth of July served to show the slaves that there is nothing for them to celebrate. They were not free and the independence that the rest of the country celebrated did not apply to them. In his speech he tries to make white people consider the behavior of black people. Specially their feelings towards a national occasion such as Independence Day. At the time of Douglass’s speech America were actually two different nations, white and black. Two separated nations one had great benefits after the independence and another still fight for basic human rights. What does the independence means for people who still suffer after it? This question is the most important. In the Declaration of Independence. He is implying that these rights are not being extended to African Americans. When this country was created it was meant to be a plac...

Principles of Business Administration Essay

Both employees and employers need to make sure that they are fully aware of their surroundings and to make sure that they are not under the influence of any drugs or alcohol while at work. Alongside personal conduct employees and employers need to make sure they take on personal action, they need to be able to action when needed and not wait for someone else to take control of a situation. As an employer one way they can make sure that the environment is secure and safe if by finding out the information i. . who is in charge of first aid where are the main health and safety concerns within the building and most importantly knowing who to contact when need to if there is a major issue. Santander is an example of a company who made sure that security is top of the game, the reason for this is this company deals with thousands of customers account details may it be for credit cards or store cards, each member of staff are put through training which explains all about data protection and what to do and not to do. The ways in which staffs are told to deal with the accounts are as follows:- When contacting customer may it be from an outbound call or an inbound call all staff need to make sure that they advice the customers that calls may be recorded for future reference, then they must ask the customers security questions to make sure that they are speaking to the correct person (this can be hard as sometimes it is difficult to fully know if the person you are talking to is the correct person). Once this has been confirmed the employee can go on and explain to customer that they are in arrears and take payment to and note customers account, there are occasions when the payment system will not respond and the employees would have to write down the customers details on these occasions the customers would be aware and if they were happy information would be taken and imputed later on the information would then be placed in a specific bin which is collected one every week where all personal or private information is destroyed. Other things employees are told is when leaving the computer they need to make sure that they lock their screen this way no one is able to get a copy of any of the customers details, if the employee has any paper work laying around they also need to make sure that this is locked away if the information has any customers details on. Due to the amount if accounts that fall into arrears there are staff who mainly deal with the store cards and credit cards, these staff are aware not to talk about account holders details, when calling the customer they need to amek sure they complete security questions

Sop for Canada Student (Study Permit) Visa

STATEMENT OF PURPOSE I have always aspired to choose a career in a field that really stimulates me and holds a natural appeal to me. Today as I stand at the pathway of learning, I have with out hesitation chosen the field that excites me the most and draw the best of my abilities. The very quest to resolve the basic underlying principle of programming has been a source of tremendous inspiration and has promoted me to choose computers as my undergraduate and postgraduate. MY INTEREST:My inspiration to pursue a career in computer science was kindled by my high grades in Master of computer science and further due to my desire for challenging career. Computers was always been a compelling interest to me. Not only because of the depth of research that is possible in the fields, this being a developing field and I am aware that there is a large scope for improvement and vast exposure. I wish to pursue higher grades in my higher studies in this field. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:I was very fortu nate to have my foundation of my education in SBOA, where my aptitude for mathematics & science developed and was very keenly interested in these subjects. After completing my higher secondary schoolSBOAone of the leading colleges that produced excellent teaching staff & toppers. After completing my Intermediate educations I studied B. A from KARACHI UNIVERSITY (KARACHI). After B. A I completed MSC (database designing , software engineering and business process are my interesting subject ) from Preston university karachi.In 2006 I started my MS computer science (selected subjects data warehouse , database designing , software engineering and business process reengineering) from SVCE my thesis on business intelligence in education sector. During the few years of my studies, I was exposed to fundamental aspects and potentials of my Software engineering. Which helped me gain a firm grasp of fundamentals as well as developed a special liking for the Computer basics and its applications? WORKING EXPRERIENCE: For the past five years I have been working as a system analysis cum computer programmer at the SVCE.I am working on the design and development of a † university system†. This long period has given me invaluable practical experience. It has given me the confidence to pursue a PhD degree and also kindled a desire to do research. WHY YOUR UNIVERSITY: I have learnt from your dept brochure and various other sources about the extensive research being under taken, especially in my areas of interest under the guidance of your eminent faculty and state of art at your esteemed university. Ten years from now I see myself leading an active research been engaged in works of advanced research.Given a chance to pursue RESEARCH study at your university. I am confident of my ability to measure up to your standards. I hope my application will be received forwardly and assure you that my interest and dedication will be reflected in my course work. An assistantship wi ll certainly go a long way in motivating me further and strengthening my determination to realize my career objectives. My sole aim for coming to your country is to complete my MGMTscience that will enhance my career opportunities when I return to Pakistan.

Role of e-commerce in todays business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Role of e-commerce in todays business - Essay Example The majority of business organizations perceive electronic commerce as application of the Internet or the electronic platforms as a platform to sell and promote products, services and goods to the customers. However, this constricted description of the e-commerce only describes the Internet based commerce. In actual point of fact, e-commerce contains a wide variety of other aspects as well. In this scenario, e-commerce can be defined as the electronic transactions for trading information, products, services, goods and payments along with additional processes such as the development and protection of Web-based associations. In this scenario, it can be said that electronic commerce encompasses a number of attributes and entities and it is not limited to only some entities such as the Internet, extranets, intranets, electronic data interchange (EDI), and various others. Some of the well-known instances of e-commerce comprise communications and collaboration with business associates and customers like that inventory management, transaction processing by means of electronic payment, customer self-service like that allowing them to track order status as well as researching problem resolution, and making use of a business intranet for omnipresent information sharing (Fruhling & Digman, 2000). Until recently e-commerce has transformed into a completely new form of business. Internet has changed the way people think and carry out their daily routines everyone simply wants to shop and order from their home using their personal computer, all with a single click. Moreover the latest tools and gadgets which are available online have...The emergence of the Internet has resulted in devising numerous ways through which business can be conducted online. An Internet business lets expert individuals to put forward their knowledge to others or to make money by advertising specific merchandise. An e-commerce business requires selling merchandise by means of the Internet. One common e-commerce enterprise involves recording merchandise for sale on auction websites, for instance eBay.com. Another process is drop shipping, where you work as a distributor for a company’s products by selling them at a raised price. E-commerce has been a foremost matter of internet for the last one decade. The concern in e-commerce has reached its zenith during the premature years of 2000. In this model there is a straight online transaction between the buyer and seller. The brokerage models fetch together the buyers and sellers but do not necessarily take part in any form of transaction. This model has seen the most advanced and is also anticipated to continue improvise in the coming years. This paper has discussed various examples of industries where the use of e-commerce has revolutionized the industry. This paper has also discussed a number of advantages offered by the e-commerce. This research concludes that the use of e-commerce is essential in order to endure and grow in this ever-increasing competitive business environment. Hence, in this cut-throat struggle, an interactive user friendly and determined website in the form of online shops can produce good business. E-commerce is an ideal platform for niche products.

Probation Drug Screen Results Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Probation Drug Screen Results - Essay Example If they use drugs, the screening results read positive, and if they do not use drugs, the screening test reads negative. Each month a sample was collected randomly, and defendants were informed in advance in order to fulfill the legal and ethical requirements of the research. The screening involved blood test, urine test, and breathe test (Strauss, 1999). The four stage analysis The codes The screening results of either positive or negative are the main codes in this study. The concept The main concept is to establish the relationship between substance abuse and crime. Categories The defendants were classified basing on the types of drugs. The main drugs are marijuana, opium, barbiturates, ethanol, and benzoate. The defendants were categorized basing on the positive or negative screen result of these drugs (Strauss, 1999). Theory From this study, the theory developed is that there is a clear relationship between substance abuse and crime. Relationship between the coded unit and the h ypothesis The data was collected for a period of one year. Qualitative analysis From the study, the sample shows that most of defendants were positive for the specified drugs. A careful analysis shows that most of the screened defendants were positive. ... This clearly indicates that there is a direct relationship between substance abuse and crime. In addition, the whole year statistic result shows that a large percentage of the tested sample were positive for drugs (Stebbins, 2001). Findings and discussion This research study, which is based on grounded theory methodology, assisted in developing a theory that states that there is a direct relationship between substance abuse and crime. From the legal point of view, crime can be minimized if substance abuse is tackled decisively. Substance abuse is one of the major social problems that have several impacts on the society. From the study, a large percentage of the tested samples displayed positive results, which shows that drug abuse influences crime incidence (Clarke, 2005). Substance abuse and crime have been linked for a long time. Criminal acts such as careless driving, robberies, prostitution, violence, and assaults occur as a result of drug abuse. Several research studies indicate that the increased relationship between substance abuse and crime can be attributed to decreased perception of social network and support. Other factors that may drive one to engage in illegal drug use include marital problems, harsh economic conditions, and mental health status. Substance abuse remains a major risk of criminality because of its ability to alter the reasoning capacity of a person who uses it (Clarke, 2005). This study that fulfills its hypothesis is important because it shows that crime can be minimized if necessary steps are taken to combat drug menace. Raising public awareness and educating people about the effects of drugs

Death Penalty and the American Criminal Justice Research Paper

Death Penalty and the American Criminal Justice - Research Paper Example It is aligned with the retributive justice system where there is a focus on the crime, the criminal and punishment and justice is meted within the "eye for an eye" context. Capital punishment has been sanctioned mainly because it is supposed to serve three purposes: deterrence to crime, retribution for the victim and repentance on the part of the criminal. According to Banner, these promised benefits have not been met (23). Particularly, the death penalty failed to drive a decrease in heinous crimes. In addition, claiming the life of an offender for retribution and repentance is morally inconsistent. There is the ethical challenge of weighing the lives of the innocent against that of the guilty. This is further aggravated by the position that the government is partially to blame for failing to prevent serious crimes. There is the position that individual offenders are not the sole responsible for criminality so there is the question of whether they should be made to bear the brunt of such extreme punishment. These variables tend to violate the morality and ethics of using death penalty in order to serve their stated purposes. The American Law Institute, the very organization that created the death penalty through the Model Penal Code of 1963, withdrew its approval of the capital punishment. The organization argued that death penalty is not aligned with the core legal values of the United States that is why it should never have been sanctioned in the first place (Hood & Deva, 182). This was highlighted by Zimring and Simon when they pointed out that there is always a risk of error in administering the death penalty and the consequences of this event far outweigh the potential benefits in terms of harm done and the justice being called for in the resolution of crimes (158). The US Supreme Court is also known to support its abolition. Early decisions have established the judicial view that capital punishment is  unconstitutional and it violates the Eighth Amendm ent of the US Constitution.

Structure of the Hospitality Industry Assignment

Structure of the Hospitality Industry - Assignment Example Therefore, the responsibilities relating to the functional areas such as marketing, customer relationship management, HRD and finance in an undertaking need to be reoriented in tune with the global changes in the industry. The organizational structure of different organizations in the hospitality industry is based on the facilities available. However, the structure also varies with the star categorization of the luxury hotels, type of ownership like a partnership or limited company, the number of hotels in the group and affiliation with the international hotel chains. World Hotel Rating (WHR) project labels hotels by features such as family or child-friendly. Some hotels are operated on franchisee basis. The internal control systems in the case of firms with one or two hotels under the same management will be very simple. However, in the case of hotel chains or hotel groups with international operations, the systems would be very elaborate with risk management controls in place. Many small-sized organizations prefer Real Estate Investment Trusts (REIT) status with a view to avail tax benefits. As against flat structure noticed in small organizations, the chain of command, the delegation of responsibilities and authorities, hierarchical levels and managerial decision-making process in the case of hotel chains or groups consisting of several business activities considerably vary depending upon the size and diversity. The management structure is also influenced by the environmental factors relating to the businesses, categories of services offered and technology used. The industry covers a wide range of services such as tourism, theme parks, event management and tourism related services apart from lodging and catering. The organizational structure of a  company which provides various services has several divisions such as Hotel, Tourism, Theme Parks and Travel.   There are various departments within each division, for example, in the case of Hotel Division the departments include Housekeeping, Health &Sports, Restaurant, Room Service, Event Management and Front Office.   The departments such as Accounting, Advertisement & Media, Marketing, and HRD are common to all the divisions.  Ã‚  

Climate Change in Saudi Arabia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Climate Change in Saudi Arabia - Research Paper Example The world is witness to considerable variation, in respect of sources of energy. In addition, there is an increase in the number of energy choices being provided to the various countries of the world. These efforts are the outcome of energy, security, economic and environmental concerns. All over the world, there has been a gradual changeover, from an economy based on fossil fuels, to on that depends on sustainable forms of energy. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia presents an extremely informative case, in this regard. It is one of the largest oil exporters in the world and is home to 25% of the world’s oil reserves. Of late, this country has been making serious efforts at urbanization and industrialization. This nation receives a large amount of sunlight and enjoys considerable wind resources. However, these renewable energy resources have not been adequately exploited. The concerns over the climate and conventions of the United Nations stand to hinder the economic progress of Saudi Arabia. This kingdom will be required to adopt alternative energy sources and eschew the use of traditional fossil fuels. The UN insists that the kingdom will have to adopt innovative technologies such as solar power for its energy needs. The economic growth of Saudi Arabia has slowed down to an appreciable extent, on account of the global economic slowdown. Saudi Arabia has the largest oil reserves in the world, and it had made enormous profits by drastically increasing the price of oil, in the recent past. Consequently, it is not seriously affected by the current economic crisis. The insistence of the developed world to reduce the consumption of carbon-based fuels has drawn a sharp reaction from the Saudis.

The Salem Community Essay Example for Free

The Salem Community Essay Throughout The Crucible, conspiracy and lies lead to the corruption and downfall of the 17th century Salem community. From the title it is evident that this pious society is a crucible or a vessel filled with boiling, bubbling characters waiting to react at any moment. Arthur Millers own experiences of the 1950s McCarthy witch trials, where individuals were accused of being Communists, inspired him to write the play and he is able to provide a realistic insight into the pain and suffering certain characters faced as a result of the accusations. In the God-fearing community of Salem, hysteria runs out of control and the malicious lies of certain characters destroy lives. Characters become more suspicious of each other and anxiety is paramount for those characters that stand accused. Through the use of stage directions, Miller highlights the tension between the Proctors within their struggling marriage. The turmoil within the marriage may be viewed as a microcosm of the greater conflict that exists in Salem as a whole; they no longer feel comfortable with each other as they try in vain to rebuild their marriage. Physical distancing and formal language is used, to show the strain within their relationship. Miller introduces several court officials to escalate tension before the intense interrogations have even started. This clever use of symbolism reveals the importance of the poppet, as it may decide Elizabeths future at the hands of the malicious Abigail. Similarly, Mary Warrens vulnerability and isolation in the courtroom are enhanced as Miller positions her away from those who wish to see her suffer. Throughout the play, Miller escalates tension with the frequent references to Abigail Williams name both in the Proctors household and the courtroom, where court officials are fooled into taking the girls side, thereby encouraging an emotional reaction from the audience. Regular pauses and stilted dialogue builds the suspense to a crescendo as a very emotional within a setting the dramatic and tragic climax approaches. Elizabeth replies to John with one word answers as they struggle to communicate. Her short responses reveal an uneasy situation where both characters do not feel comfortable or relaxed with one another. The uncomfortable environment creates an image of depression which augments the relationships tension. Miller creates a depressing atmosphere in his description of the Proctors house being low, dark and rather long. It suggests that there is no warmth and this is echoed in the state of their marriage as there appears to be little affection between the two characters. Consequently the audience is encouraged to feel sympathetic towards the couple as the tension between them is obvious.

Leadership is a critical management skill in various organizations

Leadership is a critical management skill in various organizations Introduction Leadership is as a critical management skill in various organizations, which influences and motivates a group toward the achievement of organizational goals (Rafferty Griffin 2004). One of the greatest assets of an organization is that strong managers create an environment to encourage members and motivate their high energy (Taggart, 1989). It is highlighted that leadership is an influence relationship between leaders and followers who intend real changes and outcomes that reflect their shared purposes. Effective leadership has drawn great attention from organization management in recent years due to its contribution to organizations competitive advantage. Leadership is become very much on every managers mind today in organizations. Originations are struggling due to the increasingly dynamic environment. As the challenges of leading and managing increase, leaders of organizations need to understand process, skills and knowledge to perform leader functions effectively. The most important reason for the position of a leader is to create a group of people to deliver desirable sales as unprofitable sales is a leaders biggest nightmare. Numeral reasons that can lead to undesirable sales include competitive market conditions, poor cooperation, strategies and decisions from the team or that the product is too expensive or not unique enough compared to other rival products (Robbins, 2005). Although certain circumstances are beyond control such as poor market conditions or a weak team, others are possible to have control over such as product exclusivity or special features and this is where the job of a capable leader comes in. Capable leaders are constantly pressured in searching for solutions that produce more results but equipped with depleting resources such as team members and budgets. However, it does not require much, only a new perspective to fully utilize each and every member of the team without overworking them or the budget. Open-minded leaders always have the upper hand as new methods and solutions can be created to increase sales. Some of the issues that arise are as follows: Getting fresh clients Boosting profits on advertising Inability to regularly reach expected sales revenue Shorten long tedious sale cycles Maintaining the effort input of the sales team Growing expenses to support a productive and efficient team Reduced margins due to increasing demands to discount Sustaining and expanding diminishing major accounts Rising inability to accurately predict sales revenue Inexperience and lack of knowledge of the products involved Recruiting and sustaining effective employees Constant decrease of market share Rising customer demands and decreasing consumer satisfaction Growing amount and aggressive rivals and reduced sales compared to them Dealing with salesperson who have no proper strategies in securing sales and poor time management Rationalization of the worlds economy Getting rid of the repeated occurrence of reduced margins due to desperate attempts of making sales towards the end of a sales quarter Rising amount of sales attempts that go unfinished Getting the exact requirements and needs from customers when purchasing products is progressively difficult Completing the whole process of buying and securing sales as fast as possible is increasingly difficult Having to constantly help and motivate team members that have little enthusiasm, drive and attention Salesperson that are investing too much time and effort into devising proposal for possible customers that have no genuine interest in purchasing from them Constant feedback from customers that claims our rivals are able to perform faster and cheaper it is harder to make sales against that as it is true Lack of the surest method in selling products to drive towards higher sales No ideas or strategies to get sales back on course Usual routine of inefficient, expensive and uneconomical sales methods such as weak direct marketing and expensive advertising or product improvement In this assignment we will be discussing about 2 leaders from different backgrounds respectively. The first leader is Indra Nooyi which is the CEO of Pepsi. The second leader is Philip Green which is the CEO of Arcadia Group. The similarities and differences of both the leaders will be discussed further below. Indra Nooyi Before examining three aspects of Indra Nooyis leadership, let us first review her background to get some idea of the person and leader she is. Born and educated in India, she moved to America to study for her Masters degree at Yale. Upon graduation, she got a job at the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) and she credits much of her subsequent success on her experiences there. From there, she worked in other companies before joining PepsiCo in 1994. Her track record there was impressive as she was instrumental in making moves that led to long term profitability for the company such as moving away from fast food affiliations to acquiring beverage companies like Tropicana and Gatorade (Businessweek, 2008). Consequently, she was made CEO of the company in 2006, a record of sorts as she was the first woman and the first Asian to hold the powerful post. Since then, she has steered the company well with her leadership philosophy of performance with purpose. In a speech at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 2006, Indra cited the five Cs of her success. They are competency, courage and confidence, consistency, compass and coaching. In this report, we will examine how they are incorporated into three aspects of her leadership in terms of leadership style, coaching and mentoring and motivating employees. Indras leadership style can best be described as transformative (Seltzer and Bass, 1990). She is not content to maintain the status quo but redefines the concept of CEO. The traditional role of the CEO was akin to a autocratic monarch, in which power was wielded in punitive and tyrannical ways. Indra feels that that is outmoded and unsuitable for the 21st century (CNBC Business, 2008). The CEO must lead people, not rule over them. The leader must constantly keep abreast with changes in technology and new developments so that they can harness them to achieve competitive advantage. The workplace is getting increasingly diverse as more women and minorities constitute the average multinational corporation. Demographic changes at the workplace require a change in management style and Indra is aware of this. For example, the new generation is more technologically savvy and is less tied to the concept of lifetime employment at one company (Useem, 2008). Understanding this groups mindset is crucial in ensuring that the best and brightest are recruited and retained. Similarly, the organization cannot operate along mono-ethnic and mono-gender lines as there is increasing diversity. Diversity should not be viewed as a problem but as an asset to the company since the company can get the cream of the crop and an employee composition that is representative of the entire population. No longer can the CEO afford to direct from his or her office, but must go out and mingle with the masses. This does not only mean fostering better ties with employees but engaging with other stakeholders as well, As Indra points out, a CEO now not only has to deal with corporate stakeholders but with governments and NGOs too. Consequently, the CEO must travel a lot, especially for a multinational corporation like Pepsi. That way, they can meet their various customers and business partners to formulate new and better corporate level strategies. As a leader, Indra is friendly and approachable. She is energetic and has a fondness of singing (Useem, 2008). Yet, she is no pushover as she is very much in control of her company. In terms of Indras leadership style, we may use one of the behavioral theories, in which we can pinpoint behaviours that set apart good and poor leaders. Her leadership style can be described as democratic, if we use one of the University of Iowa Studies (Robbins and Coulter, 2005). Indra gets her employees involved in the decision making process and delegates authority. She listens to all opinions, even from those who may disagree with her. Also, she encourages employee feedback which is used as a coaching technique. From the University of Michigan Studies viewpoint, Indra is an example of a leader who shows consideration. She has genuine respect and mutual trust for her subordinates. Another interesting aspect of her leadership style can best be described as reconciliatory leadership (Bass, 1985). When there was an opening for CEO, Indra and another executive were in the running. However, when Indra was selected, she immediately sought to retain her erstwhile rival because she felt the other person would be good for the company. Many CEOs assemble a team of yes men and eliminate all threats and rivals but Indra thrives on building a team of rivals because she feels dissent and other opinions are crucial in building a thriving organization. Indra places great importance on coaching and mentoring programs. These are part of the broader spectrum of creating a learning organization. Training programs are formulated to nurture future leadership talent for the company and the company has a unique approach by seeking input from outside. Lifelong and practical learning are emphasized as well. Pepsi tries to help each employee discover their strengths and weaknesses so that they can build upon their strengths and reduce their weaknesses to make a more meaningful contribution. Employees and executives are taught to think for the long term and not focus too narrowly on short term gains. This approach has worked well for Indra as it allows her to spot trends and changes before competitors. Indras attitude towards coaching and mentoring can be described using the path goal theory. This states that a leaders job is to help followers in achieving their goals and to guide them in the right direction (Wofford and Liska, 1993). This type of leader also gives the necessary support to make sure that employees succeed and that goals are compatible with the overall objectives of the firm. Indra believes in motivating and empowering employees. While there may be slump in sales growth in Western markets, Indra motivates her employees not to give but to see the bigger picture of the business cycle. As a result, employees who relish a challenge are given the opportunity to have work stints abroad. Similarly, she did not close down or reduce the research and development facility, but did the reverse. By retaining employees during hard times, PepsiCo demonstrates that it values their contributions and this gesture causes tremendous goodwill among staff who reciprocated by working harder. One interesting way in which Indra motivates her senior executives is through non-financial ways. Most companies reward their senior executives with attractive remuneration packages. PepsiCo does more than that. Recently, Indra did the unprecedented by writing to the parents of the executives and thanking them for bringing up their children well. This created an emotional bond among her, the executives and their parents. The idea behind this occurred some years ago when she visited her mother in India. Her mother asked her to attend a formal function at home and all the guests complemented her mother on the good job she did in raising her (CNBC Business, 2008). This made Indra realize that she ought to thank the parents of her employees who did an amazing job raising them. As mentioned earlier, Indra is a firm believer in workplace diversity (CNBC Business, 2008). This may stem from the fact that as a woman and an Indian in America, she has a different outlook on life than the average white male CEO. Hence, men and women, people from different ethnic backgrounds and religious all stand an equal chance at getting promotion. Promotions are based solely on merit and diversity is also applied in the companys relations with its suppliers and customers. This is a strong motivator for all employees to try their best. Some organizations reward employees based on gender and racial lines. Hence, women and ethnic minorities are sidelined and not given due recognition for their contributions. This problem does not occur at Pepsi and there is evidence to show that employees are happier, more motivated and derive greater pride and satisfaction from their jobs. Similarly, the younger generations are drawn to work at Pepsi because they find it a challenging and enjoya ble place where they are understood and treated with respect. I am very inspired by Indra Nooyis leadership. She is proof that with intelligence, hard work and determination, anybody can succeed in whatever they choose. Yet, she is humble, friendly and does not lose sight of the more important things in life. She has repeatedly mentioned that she has to juggle the roles of CEO, mother, wife, daughter and daughter in law. Perhaps growing up in a traditional Indian family has taught her the importance of maintaining strong family bonds. This attitude is evident in PepsiCo, where she treats all employees as her extended family. Indra demonstrates that one does not have to be ruthless, manipulative and cruel to rise to the top as her nurturing and warm leadership style has not only endeared her to her employees, but motivates them to strive to do their best. This is leadership at its finest. Philip Green Able To Capitalize Opportunity Sir Philip Green is apparently planning to bring British Home Stores under the Arcadia umbrella (Seltzer Bass, 1990). This move might witness a cull of management jobs as he combines the two companies, which have previously been run as separate entities. But with the high street feeling the squeeze as more shoppers take the radical step of leaving their money in the bank (or under the mattress), Sir Philip is clearly on a mission to cut costs and this is an obvious way of doing it. The new set-up will see Bhs run in much the same way as the other brands in the Arcadia stable, allowing Green to combine head office functions like marketing, finance and supply chain. This will almost certainly mean that some executive roles will become surplus to requirements hence the likely nervousness this morning. Bhs became a real success story for Green after he bought it in 2000, although its sales have been flagging recently. Arcadia has also seen a mixed bag of results lately: the likes of Dorothy Perkins and Burton have been struggling, but Top Shop and Miss Selfridge have continued to produce record sales and profits (possibly because their younger clientele have more disposable income/ more money than sense). So its no surprise that Green is looking to retrench now, particularly with little sign of the high street gloom receding (Yukl, 1994). Equity theory Equity theory states that individuals compares their job inputs and outcomes with those of others and then responds to eliminate any inequities (Robbins Judge 2007, p.185). That is, employees will become de-motivated if their perceived inputs are greater than the outputs from the company (Adams 1965, cited in Chapman 2006). His reputation as a retailer is arguably second only to his renown for striking remarkable deals. In 2005, he paid himself a  £1.2bn dividend from Arcadia, the retailer he had bought in 2002 with only a few million pounds of his own money. He can identify a target in hours, secure billions of pounds worth of funding in days and be exiting the business with multimillion pound profits in months. While his detractors have levelled accusations of asset stripping at him, he vigorously denies his deal-making nous makes him a one-man personification of private equity. From his location, he can survey the world famous high street of which he controls a major slice. In fact, thanks to Arcadia, he runs 12% of the UK clothing retail market. In its industry, Green is ranked second and on more than an occasion he was close to owning Marks Spencer. In fact, they could have taken a large amount looking at the number of people borrowing and even up to eight times cashflow. After they had done 1.2bn of dividend, that year the company made a  £327m operating profit. They could have borrowed far more, but thats never been my strategy. Its hard to argue when you consider that six years on, Arcadia has added a quarter of a million square feet of selling space, employs 25% more people and has generated in excess of  £2bn in EBITDA. Green worked very hard to develop Arcadias brand, which includes Topman, Topshop, Dorothy Perkins, Burton and Evans. For once, Green is the master of understatement. Under his stewardship, the shop has revolutionised high-street retailing. The previously mediocre store is now a talisman of UK fashion, loved by teenagers, celebrities and fashion editors. Increasing Influence Upon leaving school, Green worked for the family firm, one of the first shoe importers to bring products in from China and Hong Kong. Exposure to international trade proved invaluable, he is grateful that the people who trained him taught him about finance, credit, importing and product. If he was to become interested in the more creative, product-buying side of the business, his understanding of the basic principles of retailing was instinctive. The high street fashion tycoon is as well known for his affluent lifestyle as he is for his business acquisitions a  £7m yacht,  £5m birthday party and a present from his wife of a solid gold Monopoly set, to name a few of his extravagances. Of late he has become something of a celebrity thanks in part to a friendship and business arrangement he has struck up with supermodel Kate Moss, who designs a range for his Topshop chain. Hes also been spotted holidaying with both Sylvester Stallone and Simon Cowell. Conclusion and Recommendation In sum, developing an effective leadership in organizations is the most essential, yet the most difficult tasks for organization management. Great leadership is the combinations of individual traits, leading skills and of course the situational contexts (Kotler, 1990). As we have discussed above, effective leadership is require both intrapersonal and interpersonal skills. The intrapersonal skills are of paramount important, as it is logical and obvious that success or great leader all start from within. Only with personal inside strong desire to excel, passion, enthusiasm, determination, commitment, faith and effective personal values can a person become a true leader for others. A great leader among the people always starts as a great leader of his own. Then, interpersonal skills come into place, where the ability and skills to network, communicate and interact with the other people come into place. The effective leaders can guide companies through many different channels. Because o f this, it is important to know which leadership qualities motivate employees the best. Throughout the analysis and evaluation, there have been many leadership style theories identified. As we have found that, the autocratic leadership style has gone out of fashion in recent years, though certain situations, such as emergencies situations. Therefore, effective leaders must adjust the leadership style to various situations. In that sense, there is no one leadership style is appropriate for every occasion or situation. The most effective style to use depends upon the situation and whether the group members are willing and able to take on the responsibility. To be effective as a leader, its important to know your group in terms of knowledge, ability, desire and willingness, and be ready to adapt your style to suit the dynamic environment. An important task in the coming years will be the training and testing of future leaders. Further more, organizations have to have a bigger picture of long term success, that is strengthening leadership competencies will improve organizational effectiveness. When subordinates trusted their leaders leadership, and they deem it is equitable for them to obtain satisfactory rewards and outcomes when they made the greatest efforts. Therefore, effective leadership lead to a positive motivation and motivated employees will satisfy the customers of the organizations. In a long-term, it will help organization creating or maintaining a sustainable organizational competitive advantage.